The emergence of abstract sciences as a counterpart of classic concrete sciences is
presented in this work. The framework of abstract sciences encompasses data, information …

The contemporary wonder of sciences and engineering recently refocused on the starting
point: how the brain processes internal and external information autonomously rather than …

It is recognized that data, information, knowledge, and intelligence are the fundamental
cognitive objects in the brain and cognitive systems. However, there is a lack of formal …

Summary form only given. A fundamental challenge for almost all scientific disciplines is to
explain how natural intelligence is generated by physiological organs and what the logical …

Summary form only given. A fundamental challenge for almost all scientific disciplines is to
explain how natural intelligence is generated by physiological organs and what the logical …

It is recognized that the kernels of human knowledge and theories of abstract sciences have
been archived in mathematical forms with indispensable generality and abstractedness 1–8 …

Cognitive Informatics (CI) is a discipline spanning across computer science, information
science, cognitive science, brain science, intelligence science, knowledge science, and …

Recent researches reveal that various paradigms of intelligence, such as natural, artificial,
machinable, and computational intelligence, can be unified at the logical and functional …

Basic studies in denotational mathematics and mathematical engineering have led to the
theory of abstract intelligence (aI), which is a set of mathematical models of natural and …

A recent discovery in computer and software sciences is that information in general is a
deterministic abstract quantity rather than a probability-based property of the nature …