A sharded blockchain with the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus protocol has advantages in
increasing throughput and reducing energy consumption, enabling the resource-limited …

As a decentralized ledger technology, blockchain is considered to be a potential solution for
applications with highly concentrated management mechanism. However, most of the …

Open-access blockchains based on proof-of-work protocols have gained tremendous
popularity for their capabilities of providing decentralized tamper-proof ledgers and …

Miners in a blockchain system are suffering from ever-increasing storage costs, which in
general have not been properly compensated by the users' transaction fees. This reduces …

Dueto its distributed characteristics, the development and deployment of the blockchain
framework are able to provide feasible solutions for a wide range of Internet of Things (IoT) …

The world-changing blockchain technique provides a novel method to establish a secure,
trusted, and decentralized system for solving the security and personal privacy problems in …

There is evidence that blockchain plays a crucial role in the Internet of Things (IoT)-based
implementation due to its transparency, traceability, and immutability, in which the …

Benefit from the capabilities of providing decentralized tamper-proof ledgers and platforms
for data-driven autonomous organization, open-access blockchains based on proof-of-work …

Blockchain has been gradually applied to different Internet-of-Things platforms. As the
efficiency of the blockchain mainly depends on the network computing capability, how to …

Blockchain has been an emerging technology, which comprises lots of fields such as
distributed systems and Internet of Things (IoT). As is well known, blockchain is the …