CD4+ T cells with cytotoxic activity (CD4 CTL) have been observed in various immune
responses. These cells are characterized by their ability to secrete granzyme B and perforin …

The two major subsets of peripheral T cells are classically divided into the CD4+ T helper
cells and the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell lineage. However, the appearance of some effector …

In 1986, Mosmann and Coffman identified 2 functionally distinct subsets of activated CD4 T
cells, Th1 and Th2 cells, being key in distinct T cell mediated responses. Over the past three …

CD4 T cells have traditionally been regarded as helpers and regulators of adaptive immune
responses; however, a novel role for CD4 T cells as direct mediators of protection against …

CD4 T cells play critical roles in mediating adaptive immunity to a variety of pathogens. They
are also involved in autoimmunity, asthma, and allergic responses as well as in tumor …

During thymic development, thymocytes expressing a T cell receptor consisting of an alpha
and beta chain (TCRαβ), commit to either the cytotoxic-or T helper-lineage fate. This lineage …

CD8 T cells play crucial roles in immune surveillance and defense against infections and
cancer. After encountering antigenic stimulation, naïve CD8 T cells differentiate and acquire …

CD8+ T cells can differentiate into two effector phenotypes, Tc1 and Tc2, secreting different
cytokine patterns. Both subsets are cytotoxic via the perforin and Fas pathways, and both kill …

CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4-CTLs) have been reported to play a protective role in
several viral infections. However, little is known in humans about the biology of CD4-CTL …

CD4 effector T cells, also called helper T (Th) cells, are the functional cells for executing
immune functions. Balanced immune responses can only be achieved by proper regulation …