Synapses mediate information flow between neurons and undergo plastic changes in
response to experience, which is critical for learning and memory. Conversely, synaptic …

Synapses are specialized cell–cell contacts that mediate communication between neurons.
Most excitatory synapses in the brain are housed on dendritic spines, small actin-rich …

Synaptic connections between neurons are essential for every facet of human cognition and
are thus regulated with extreme precision. Rho-family GTPases, molecular switches that …

Activity-dependent modifications in the strength of excitatory synapses are considered to be
major cellular mechanisms that contribute to the plasticity of neuronal networks underlying …

Rho family GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 as the most studied members, are
master regulators of actin cytoskeletal organization. Rho GTPases control various aspects of …

Intellectual disability (ID) imposes a major medical and social–economical problem in our
society. It is defined as a global reduction in cognitive and intellectual abilities, associated …

The Rho family of GTPases belongs to the Ras superfamily of low molecular weight (∼ 21
kDa) guanine nucleotide binding proteins. The most extensively studied members are RhoA …

Rho family GTPase signaling regulates the actin cytoskeleton and is critical for behaviors
that range from the cell to tissue-scale. A theme in Rho GTPase biology is that there are …

Rho-family GTPases are molecular switches that transmit extracellular cues to intracellular
signaling pathways. Their regulation is likely to be highly regulated in space and in time, but …

Summary The small GTPase Rac1 orchestrates actin-dependent remodeling essential for
numerous cellular processes including synapse development. While precise spatiotemporal …