For an example of a silicon-based micromachined analyzer, we describe a combined PO2,
PCO2, and pH sensor designed for extracorporeal blood gas monitoring. The clinically well …

The fabrication of a miniature blood pH monitoring system formed on a silicon wafer using a
pH ISFET and a new type of micro-valve actuator is described. The system samples the …

A self-calibrating sample-taking sensor system for online pO 2, pCO 2 and pH monitoring is
presented. The system consists of a two-lumen catheter with a sensor flow-through cell, a …

The fabrication and characterization of a combined pO 2, pCO 2 and pH chemical sensor,
designed for blood-gas monitoring, are discussed. Classical electrochemical principles are …

The performance of a sensing module for pO2, pCO2, and pH was tested from a practical
point of view and its design was modified for the pO2 electrode and the pH combination …

A micro flow cell for blood gas monitoring is fabricated on a silicon wafer to realize a very
small sample volume. It has a Clark-type micro PO 2 sensor, a Severinghaus-type microP …

In order to conduct in vivo continuous monitoring of blood gas levels, very thin disposable
pO/sub 2/, pCO/sub 2/, and pH sensors, which could be incorporated into a syringe needle …

A miniaturized system for chemical analysis is presented, based on two piezo-electrically
driven silicon micropumps and an ISFET-based flow through cell for the measurement of ion …

Piezoelectrically driven micromachined silicon pumps are shown to have excellent
characteristics for application in miniaturized chemical analysis systems. A system is …

The accurate determination of biological parameters by means of rapid, on-line
measurements at low-concentrations is an important task within the fields of pharmaceutical …