Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is a key innate immunity response to pathogens.
Recruitment of signaling adapters such as MAL (TIRAP) and MyD88 to the TLRs requires …

MyD88 and MAL are Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptors that signal to induce pro-inflammatory
cytokine production. We previously observed that the TIR domain of MAL (MALTIR) forms …

MyD88 adaptor-like protein (Mal) is a crucial adaptor that acts as a bridge to recruit the
MyD88 molecule to activated TLR4 receptors in response to invading pathogens. The …

Macrophages detect pathogen infection via the activation of their plasma membrane-bound
Toll-like receptor proteins (TLRs). The heterotypic interaction between the Toll/interleukin-1 …

Initiation of the innate immune response requires agonist recognition by pathogen-
recognition receptors such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) …

Myeloid differentiating factor 88 (MyD88) and MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal) are adaptor
molecules critically involved in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling pathway. While Mal …

Members of the Toll-like receptor and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor families all signal via
Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain-driven assemblies with adaptors such as MyD88. We here combine …

The Toll/IL‐1 receptor (TIR) domain plays a central role in Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling.
All TLRs contain a cytoplasmic TIR domain, which, upon activation, acts as a scaffold to …

Toll/interleukin-1 (TIR) receptor-containing adapters are critical in orchestrating the different
signal transduction pathways following Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. MyD88 adapter …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are responsible for recognition of particular pathogens during the
innate immune response and cytoplasmic Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain …