Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are embedded computers widely used in industrial
control systems. Ensuring that a PLC software complies with its specification is a challenging …

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are heavily used in industrial control systems,
because of their high capacity of simultaneous input/output processing capabilities …

Providing proof of correctness is of the utmost importance for safety-critical systems, many of
which are based on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). One widely used …

Verification of critical software is a high priority but a challenging task for industrial control
systems. Model checking appears to be an appropriate approach for this purpose. However …

While there are several approaches applying model checking to PLC programs, it is still not
used in industry. This is due to the limited applicability of the existing approaches, which all …

Abstract Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are widely used in the industry for various
industrial automation tasks. Besides non-safety applications, the usage of PLCs became …

We propose a framework for the automatic verification of PLC (programmable logic
controller) programs written in Instruction List, one of the five languages defined in the IEC …

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) occupy a big share in automation control. Their
programming languages are, however, born out of historical needs and do not comply to …

Ladder Diagram (LD) is the most used programming language for Programmable Logical
Controllers (PLCs). A PLC is a special purpose industrial computer used to automate …

Abstract Model checking is a promising formal verification method to complement testing in
order to improve the quality of PLC programs. However, its application typically needs deep …