Global deployment of an effective and safe vaccine is necessary to curtail the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

Despite remarkable progress in the development and authorization of vaccines against
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a need to validate …

The nose is the initial site of viral infection, replication, and transmission in the human body.
Nasally inhaled vaccines may act as a promising alternative for COVID‐19 management in …

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has resulted in a pandemic
with millions of deaths. To eradicate SARS-CoV-2 and prevent further infections, many …

One of the most preferable characteristics for a COVID-19 vaccine candidate is the ability to
reduce transmission and infection of SARS-CoV-2, in addition to disease prevention. Unlike …

SARS-CoV-2 is primarily an airborne infection of the upper respiratory tract, which on
reaching the lungs causes the severe acute respiratory disease, COVID-19. Its first contact …

Background Licensed vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 effectively protect against severe
disease, but display incomplete protection against virus transmission. Mucosal vaccines …

Nasal vaccines induce pathogen-specific dual protective immunity at mucosal surfaces and
systemically throughout the body. Consequently, nasal vaccines both prevent pathogen …

Introduction Vaccinations are ideal for reducing the severity of clinical manifestations and
secondary complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV …

Current COVID-19 vaccine candidates are administered by injection and designed to
produce an IgG response, preventing viremia and the COVID-19 syndrome. However …