This report from the UNEP-hosted International Resource Panel, Environmental Risk and
Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles, gives a clear picture of the potential …

Future global copper demand is expected to keep rising due to copper's indispensable role
in modern technologies. Unfortunately, increasing copper extraction and decreasing ore …

The enduring challenges posed by the supply sustainability of critical metals have long
served as a barrier to the low carbon energy transition and the regulation of global climate …

Materials scientists employ metals and alloys that involve most of the periodic table.
Nonetheless, materials scientists rarely take material criticality and reuse potential into …

There is a broad consensus today that recycling offers significant benefits, from an
environmental perspective as well as by increasing the supply security of metals. The …

Functional materials are crucial to meet today's societal challenges and needs, such as the
transition towards low carbon energy production to reduce climate change, renewable …

Imbalances between metal supply and demand, real or anticipated, have inspired the
concept of metal criticality. We here characterize the criticality of 62 metals and metalloids in …

Copper is widely used in modern technology, but declining ore grades and depletion of
natural deposits have raised concerns regarding sustainable demand-supply balance in the …

Abstract Critical Raw Materials (or CRMs) are materials that are in high demand, difficult to
replace and whose supply is prone to disruption. Various nations have defined CRM lists …

This first chapter of Critical Metals Handbook begins with definitions of certain key concepts
and terminology relating to minerals and metals that will provide a foundation for the …