Water hardness varies regionally and optimal levels for fish are often species specific. It is
generally assumed that largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, require elevated water …

The relationship between water pH and hardness influences fish physiology, where
increasing water hardness could trigger a protective effect for fish exposed to acidic or …

The aim of this study was to assess whether rearing fish at increased water hardness could
assist channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) juveniles to efficiently cope with later (sub) lethal …

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of two water salinity levels (10 and
15‰) on growth, feed utilization and hematological indices of European sea bass …

The effect of salinity on survival, osmoregulation and oxygen consumption was determined
on coastal young-of-the-year (YOY) largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides by exposing …

A total of 468 silver catfish juveniles were obtained from the fish culture Bela Vista in Santa
Maria, in Southern Brazil. These juveniles were transferred to the Fish Physiology …

The freshwater contains a variable amount of dissolved salts, depending on the soil in which
it occurs. Water acidification may occur in places where the soil has acidic cations and water …

Inland shrimp culture is being practiced in several regions of the United States. In Alabama,
the culture of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in inland low salinity well water …

The effects of salinity on haemolymph osmolality, oxygen consumption and ammonia
excretion were investigated in adult kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate), at …

Hybrid striped bass larvae (striped bass, Morone saxatilis,♀ x white bass, M. chrysops,♂)
are often stocked into fertile culture ponds. High rates of photosynthesis may result in …