Surface analysis was performed by a new analytical method, grazing‐exit electron probe
microanalysis (GE‐EPMA). At grazing‐exit (small x‐ray take‐off) angles, only characteristic x …

Electron probe microanalysis (or Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray
spectrometry) has been studied under grazing-exit conditions. That is, characteristic X-rays …

Electron-probe x-ray micro analysis (EPMA) and particle-induced x-ray emission analysis
(PIXE) were performed under grazing-exit conditions. To control the exit angle (take-off …

In grazing exit electron probe microanalysis (GE‐EPMA), characteristic x‐rays emitted from
only near surface regions of a specimen are detected at extremely low exit angles near 0° …

We have studied the application of grazing-exit electron probe microanalysis (GE-EPMA) for
surface and thin-film analysis. In this method, characteristic X-rays are measured at small …

Ultra-thin metallic films, artificial particles and aerosols were analyzed by grazing-exit
electron probe X-ray microanalysis (GE-EPMA). It is beneficial to measure the characteristic …

Grazing exit electron probe microanalysis (GE-EPMA) is a new method of EPMA in which
characteristic X-rays emitted from only near-surface regions of a specimen are detected at …

The energy distribution of the background radiation originating from two kinds of substrate
materials has been studied using Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis (EPMA) at grazing …

A new method, grazing-exit electron probe microanalysis (GE-EPMA), was studied. Only X-
rays emitted from the near-surface layer are measured at grazing-exit angles (eg< 0.5°) …

We have developed an x‐ray photoelectron spectrometer system which combines an
adjustable grazing incidence angle source with reflected beam detection. When operated …