Various measures to increase the sensitivity of the polarizing microscope for visual
observation are discussed. These include choice of polarizing apparatus, reducing …

A new method of polarized light analysis is described in which a highly sensitive electronic
detector specific for birefringence is used to identify the crystalline axes of an object and …

Polarization interference microscopes are very simple instruments. They can be used in
white light and enable the observation and measurement of transparent objects. Some new …

The objective of a number of optical instruments is to measure the intensity accurately
without bias as to the incident polarization state. One method to overcome polarization bias …

A polarized light imaging technique is introduced that simultaneously captures and unfolds
transmittance, fast/slow axes directions and birefringence or linear dichroism from single …

This paper suggests the possibility of partial compensation of spherical aberration with a
polarization-masked lens aperture. The principle is based on the fact that any pre-specified …

Although the naked human eye cannot detector analyze polarization of light, the bee,
however, uses the part polarization of daylight, caused by the sun's position, for orientation …

A new type of polarized light microscope ('new pol‐scope') for fast and orientation‐
independent measurement of birefringent fine structure has been developed. The design of …

Many biological objects are barely distinguished with the brightfield microscope because
they appear transparent, translucent and colourless. One simple way to make such …

Stress-engineered optical elements show fascinating and potentially useful effects when
placed at the pupil plane of an imaging system. When illuminated by a beam of spatially …