Over the past three decades, the biotechnology industry has emerged as a vital and
dynamic source of new technologies for the pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical …

Biotechnology and Competitive Advantage investigates the development of biotechnology in
Europe and the United States. It examines why Europe has fallen behind in applying …

This paper examines the dynamics and bottlenecks in the commercialisation of
biotechnology in Finland by using the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) …

This pape criticizes the concept of'technological discontinuities'. It argues that the concept is
misleading when the skills and knowledge of an indusry are composed of multiple rather …

Biotechnology'-the integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology, and chemical engineering
for the technological application of the capabilities of microbes and cultured tissue cells-is …

Competitive advantage in the biotech industry depends on several key factors: the existence
of vibrant academic institutions (Kenney 1986), venture capital and other forms of risk …

Today, knowledge economies are a key asset for global competitiveness. Biotechnology is a
knowledge-driven sector because it consists of knowledge working on knowledge to create …

The innovation style of a country is dependent upon its distinctive capabilities and its
government'policies. Three basic factors are involved: its scientific capabilities, its …

This Editorial introduces the Special Issue on 'Biotechnology Clusters and Beyond'. Drawing
on the interventions of five commissioned articles from Canada, Germany, Israel, the UK and …

This chapter discusses an approach to the rationale and operations of innovation policy from
a'systems' perspective, focusing on functions performed by an innovation system. The …