Background Although the serological antibody responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
are well characterized, little is known about their ability to elicit mucosal immunity. Objectives …

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces robust humoral and cellular immunity in the
circulation; however, it is currently unknown whether it elicits effective immune responses in …

Introduction Vaccinations are ideal for reducing the severity of clinical manifestations and
secondary complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV …

Background The mucosa serves as the first defence against pathogens and facilitates the
surveillance and elimination of symbiotic bacteria by mucosal immunity. Recently, the mRNA …

Background The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by
infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Currently, there are three approved vaccines against …

While the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐
19) has been characterized in several well-conducted clinical trials, real-world evidence …

Abstract The approved Pfizer and Moderna mRNA vaccines are well known to induce serum
antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S)-protein. However, their abilities to elicit …

SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays are crucial in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Approved
mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are well known to induce a serum antibody responses against …

Although most clinical studies focus on antibodies and cellular immunity in peripheral blood,
mucosal immune responses in the respiratory tract play a key role in the early restriction of …

We analyzed data from two ongoing COVID-19 longitudinal serological surveys in Orange
County, CA., between April 2020 and March 2021. A total of 8476 finger stick blood …