The SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is an application and presentation layer signaling
protocol used for initiating, continuing and terminating multimedia session for the end user. It …

Authentication forms the gateway to any secure system. Together with integrity,
confidentiality and authorization it helps in preventing any sort of intrusions into the system …

Conventional authentication methods, like simple text-based passwords, have shown
vulnerabilities to different types of security attacks. Indeed, 61% of all breaches involve …

The work defines a multi-factor authentication model in case the application supports
multiple authentication factors. The aim of this modeling is to find acceptable authentication …

In recent years, the development in Information technology has unleashed new challenges
and opportunities for new authentication systems and protocols. Authentication ensures that …

Authentication mechanisms are considered the typical method to secure financial websites.
Context authentication has become increasingly important in the arena of online banking …

User authentication refers to user identification based on something a user knows,
something a user has, something a user is or something the user does; it can also take place …

Abstract Today, there are over 3.5 billion people online and have access to many online
services such as banking, shopping, student records, and social media. In order to access …

In the growth of financial industries, the electronic payments system is a newest topic, which
is to be replaced in the near future by electronic or online transaction. With the advancement …

Current authentication schemes suffer from many weaknesses. Textual passwords are
widely used; however users tend to choose meaningful words from dictionaries. This makes …