Recently, telecommunication systems have been requiring more advanced features in the
design and operation. Among others a smaller size of devices, which can be integrated for …

The effectiveness of antenna and other EM devices geometry in terms of lowering or
establishing a specific resonant frequency for different structures of fractal geometry is …

Metamaterials are opening a new way of refining the material science and related areas.
Metamaterials broke the limitation of naturally occurring substances by artificially creating …

In mathematical definition, a fractal is a self-similar subset of Euclidean space whose fractal
dimension strictly exceeds its topological dimension which in turn involves a recursive …

Wireless communication has become ubiquitous in almost every sector, both in military and
commercial systems. Communicating objects are getting smaller and smaller. Therefore, the …

Optimization of antenna parameters is important for achieving the best design that has
higher results for gain and bandwidth while also having a smaller size. One such antenna …

The property of self‐similarity, recursive irregularity, and space filling capability of fractal
antennas makes it useful for various applications in wireless communication, including …

Conventional antenna design provokes the need for developing new geometries that
renders the implementation of miniaturization, multi-band, broadband, high gain and low …

This paper provides an overview of fractal antennas and metasurfaces, exploring their
design principles, performance, and applications. Fractal antennas, incorporating self …

The use of fractal geometries has significantly impacted many areas of science and
engineering; one of which is antennas. Antennas using some of these geometries for …