Recognition of viral infection by pattern recognition receptors is paramount for a successful
immune response to viral infection. However, an unbalanced proinflammatory response can …

The innate immune response is critical for recognizing and controlling infections through the
release of cytokines and chemokines. However, severe pathology during some infections …

Although a well-regulated inflammatory response is a vital defense mechanism against viral
infection, too much inflammation can be detrimental. Excessive inflammatory responses …

Balanced immune regulation is crucial for recognizing an invading pathogen, its killing, and
elimination. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the key regulators of the innate immune system. It …

Abstract Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) triggers antiviral immune responses through its capacity
to recognize single‐stranded RNA. TLR7 loss‐of‐function mutants are associated with life …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led
to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a global health pandemic causing millions of deaths …

Background and aims TLR4 is an important innate immune receptor that recognizes
bacterial LPS, viral proteins and other pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). It is …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the largest pattern recognition receptors responsible for
activating the innate and adaptive immune response against viruses through the release of …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors that recognize the pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID‐19), an infectious disease characterized by strong induction of …