Acquisition and extinction of learned fear responses utilize conserved but flexible neural
circuits. Here we show that acquisition of conditioned freezing behavior is associated with …

Learned fear and safety are associated with distinct oscillatory states in the basolateral
amygdala (BLA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). To determine if and how these …

Knowing when and where to express fear is essential to survival. Recent work in fear
extinction paradigms reveals that the contextual regulation of fear involves a neural network …

The mammalian brain contains dedicated circuits for both the learned expression and
suppression of fear. These circuits require precise coordination to facilitate the appropriate …

The ability to extinguish conditioned fear memory is critical for adaptive control of fear
response, and its impairment is a hallmark of emotional disorders like post-traumatic stress …

Fear-arousing stimuli elicit innate reactions and can reinforce acquisition of new responses.
We tested whether mechanisms mediating these conditioned stimulus (CS) properties were …

Fear memories are crucial for survival. However, excessive generalization of such
memories, characterized by a failure to discriminate dangerous from safe stimuli, is common …

Fear is a response to impending threat that prepares a subject to make appropriate
defensive responses, whether to freeze, fight, or flee to safety. The neural circuits that …

In humans, activation of the ventral striatum, a region associated with reward processing, is
associated with the extinction of fear, a goal in the treatment of fear-related disorders. This …

The lateral nucleus (LA) is the input station of the amygdala for information about
conditioned stimuli (CSs), whereas the medial sector of the central nucleus (CeM) is the …