Environmental politics, oriented to the reduction of energy use and CO2 emissions (“20-20-
20 Strategy”), is applied in the European Union through many directives, programs …

The Renovation Wave for Europe highlighted the role of the public building stock for which
Directive 2012/27/EU has set an annual renewal rate of 3%, which should rise to reach the …

Starting from the oil crisis that occurred in the early 1970s, the issue of energy efficiency has
occupied an ever more prominent place in the economic, political, and academic debate. In …

According to the recent EU Directives on building energy efficiency, the Italian government is
paying particular attention to energy refurbishments of buildings by enacting energy …

Improvement of energy-efficiency in residential buildings is a crucial issue in Italy, where
55% of the building stock is older than 40 years and real estate assets are responsible for …

In recent years, following an agreement with the Italian Ministry of the Environment,
Lombardy Region has promoted numerous initiatives for energy efficiency and use of …

In recent decades, the issue of existing buildings' energy retrofit has played a central role in
the context of international and national territorial development policies, mainly due to the …

The building sector is crucial in all of the possible net zero scenarios suggested for the
European Union. In this area, the Italian situation is exemplary. Italy suffers from an aging …

The data on energy consumption in Europe show how the construction sector is responsible
for 40% of the total energy produced and around 50% of air pollutant emissions1. To counter …

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic led to an economic crisis of the construction industry
and to an increasing of energy consumption in the residential sector for all the world. The …