In recent years, global automotive industries are going through a significant revolution from
traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to electric vehicles (EVs) for CO2 …

This study investigated a novel high-efficiency hybrid thermal management system (HTMS)
for green energy sources of electric vehicles (EVs). The system consists of two coolant flow …

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration
and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential …

A heat sink is a specific type of heat exchanger integrated with heat generating devices-
mostly electronics-for the sake of thermal management. In the design procedure of heat …

The development of electric cars has well been regarded as a major solution for tackling the
challenges of carbon-neutrality faced by the modern communities. Electric motor is certainly …

Reducing heat accumulation within vehicles and ensuring appropriate vehicular
temperature levels can lead to enhanced vehicle fuel economy, range, reliability, longevity …

The thermal management of electric vehicles is mainly to regulate the temperatures of
battery, motor, electric control, and crew cabin, so as to ensure that they are working at the …

Zero-emission pure electric vehicles (PEVs) have been progressively developed towards
scale production as passenger cars. However, the power, economy, driving range, and other …

The cooling or thermal management issues are facing critical challenges with the
continuous miniaturization and rapid increase of heat flux of electronic devices. Significant …

When entering a planetary atmosphere, space vehicles are exposed to extreme thermal
loads. To protect the vehicle's interior, a thermal protection system is required. Future …