To date only chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans have been found capable of
recognizing themselves in mirrors. In an attempt to provide a more definitive test of the …

Several studies of how chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
respond to their reflections in a mirror have established that these primates share with …

Although various forms of self-knowledge and self-awareness are thought to be present in
human infants (Neisser, 1988; Stern, 1985), the question of selfawareness in nonhuman …

Psychologists have studied self-recognition in human infants as an indication of self-
knowledge (Amsterdam, 1972) and the development of abstract thought processes. Gallup …

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) demonstrate the ability to recognize themselves in mirrors,
yet investigations of the development of self-recognition in chimpanzees are sparse. Twelve …

Department of Pychology Lehman Collge of the City University of New York Bronx, New
York 10468 ince Gallup first described it in 1970, the phenomenon of mirror selfrecognition …

To date, chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans are the only species which have been
shown capable of recognizing themselves in mirrors. In an attempt to make the identity of the …

Abstract reports further observations, experiments, and methodological considerations
concerning mirror-mediated self-recognition and mirror-correlated behavior in pigtailed …

Two zoo‐reared gorillas were each given nearly 400 h of mirror exposure. Extensive mirror
gazing and social behaviors were exhibited, the frequency of which decreased gradually …

Two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with a lifetime of continuous exposure to mirrors
showed a dramatic and reliable reinstatement of social behavior directed toward the mirror …