Recent studies have shown that although low salinity waterflooding leads to promising EOR
impacts, it is to blame for the formation of unwanted water-in-oil emulsions. Thus, this study …

Different ions present in formation water (FW) and aqueous phases injected into the oil
reservoirs can affect the formation and stability of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. Previous …

Water-in-oil emulsion usually forms during waterflooding in some heavy oil reservoirs. The
composition and salinity of the injected water critically affect the w/o emulsion droplet size …

Emulsification plays a crucial role in various areas. However, undesirable emulsions,
especially water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, formed during crude oil production, transportation …

The stability and morphology of water-in-crude oil emulsions were investigated as functions
of aqueous-phase salinity. First, the aqueous phase at the initial ionic strength, and then at …

The effect of salinity on water-in-oil emulsions was systematically studied using a
combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulsed field gradient (PFG) …

In the production and transportation of crude oil, undesirable water-in-oil emulsions may
form. Undesirable water-in-oil emulsions may also form in hydraulic fracking when acid is …

Abstract Potential determining ions (SO 4 2−, Mg 2+, Na, and Ca 2+) positively affect oil
recovery. These ions can cause changes in the oil and water system due to their ionic radius …

The stability of water-in-Guanipa crude emulsion was studied as a function of pH and the
electrolyte concentration of mono-and polyvalent metal chlorides in the initial aqueous …

The petroleum industry produces thousands of barrels of oilfield waters from the initial stage
driven by primary production mechanisms to the tertiary stage. These produced waters …