The ability of an injected lithium granule to promptly trigger an edge localized mode (ELM)
has been established in multiple experiments. By horizontally injecting granules ranging in …

The first results of edge-localized mode (ELM) pacing using small spherical lithium granules
injected mechanically into H-mode discharges are reported. Triggering of ELMs was …

A newly installed Lithium Granule Injector (LGI) was used to pace edge localized modes
(ELM) in DIII-D. ELM pacing efficiency was studied injecting lithium granules of nominal …

A critical challenge facing the basic long-pulse H-mode for ITER is to control edge-localized
modes (ELMs). A new method using a multichamber lithium (Li) granule injector (LGI) for …

The injection of impurity granules into fusion research discharges can serve as a catalyst for
ELM events. For sufficiently low ELM frequencies, and granule sizes above a threshold, this …

At DIII-D, lithium granules were radially injected into the plasma at the outer midplane to
trigger and pace edge localized modes (ELMs). Granules ranging in size from 300 to 1000 …

Large edge-localized modes (ELMs) were mitigated by gravitational injection of lithium
granules into the upper X-point region of the experimental advanced superconducting …

Injection of low-Z granules into high performance discharges on DIII-D has been shown to
promptly trigger Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) providing high-Z impurity control without …

An investigation of pellet pacing and triggering of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) was
carried out in the frame of ELM mitigation studies aimed at reducing their damaging effects …

Injection of solid nonfuel pellets has been actively used as a tool for pacing and mitigation of
edge localized modes (ELMs). In DIII-D, effective ELM pacing has been demonstrated by the …