This paper asks whether biotechnology, in general, and the industry clusters of innovative
biotechnology enterprises that have uniformly characterised its economic form, are now in a …

This chapter argues that modern biotechnology has been–and continues to be–developing
at a rapid pace and is connected to fundamental changes in the economy over time, with …

All would agree that with more than 3,000 new firms formed in Europe, Japan and the United
States focused on biotechnology, and with elegant strides forward in our understanding of …

This paper contributes to the debate surrounding the question of whether biotechnology,
particularly its applications in agricultural and food-related industries, should be regarded as …

The pharmaceutical industry remains powerful due to its firm scale and global reach.
However, analysis of the source of biotechnology-derived products in healthcare, valued at …

In commercial applications of biotechnology, there is no international convergence. On
many critical dimensions, the United States is pulling ahead vis-à-vis most other developed …

We conceive the emergence of commercial biotechnology, particularly its biomedical
applications, as a complex, evolutionary and context-dependent process. Since the early …

Developing the biotechnology industry relies on advances in scientific knowledge and its
commercial exploitation. Recent efforts to develop biotechnology businesses yielded mixed …

Biotechnology companies are increasingly challenging traditional pharmaceutical
companies as the discoverers, developers and marketers of drugs. The biotechnology …

Technological Systems in the Bio Industries: An International Study represents a
comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and systematic effort to understand the nature and role of …