Deep‐sea mining refers to the retrieval of marine mineral resources such as Mn nodules,
FeMn crusts, and seafloor massive sulfide deposits, which contain a variety of metals that …

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining's likely impacts is
necessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations …

Comprising the seabed and water column below 200 m depths, the deep-sea is often
referred to as Earth's final frontier. It is a proper description because more than any other …

Other chapters in this volume demonstrate that the mineral extraction potential of deep sea
mining could be enormous, that economic opportunities are driving Pacific Island states' …

This Review focuses on whether the emerging industry of deep-seabed mining aligns with
the sustainable development agenda. We cover motivations for deep-seabed mining …

The growing economic interest in the exploitation of mineral resources on deep-ocean beds,
including those in the vicinity of sensitive-rich habitats such as hydrothermal vents, raise a …

Increasing interest in deep-seabed mining has raised many questions surrounding its
potential environmental impacts and how to assess the impacts' significance. Under the …

Mining of minerals such as polymetallic nodules from the deep-sea floor has been “on-hold”
as a result of several factors such as current availability of Cu, Ni, Co and Mn from terrestrial …

Rising demand for minerals and metals, including for use in the technology sector, has led to
a resurgence of interest in exploration of mineral resources located on the seabed. Such …

The extraction of minerals from the seabed of the deep oceans is of increasing interest to
investors, mining companies and some coastal states. To date, no commercial-scale deep …