Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has infected millions, with more than 275,000 fatal cases as …

We are learning that the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) infection is complex and highly dynamic. Effective initial host defense in the …

COVID-19 has become a worldwide pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus named
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Severe cases of COVID-19 …

The dysregulated release of cytokines has been identified as one of the key factors behind
poorer outcomes in COVID-19. This “cytokine storm” produces an excessive inflammatory …

In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, viral load
peaks early and declines quickly after symptom onset. Severe coronavirus disease 2019 …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection which is caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a “public health emergency of …

The current coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had
devastating effects on the global health and economic system. The cellular and molecular …

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 presents with a spectrum of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic or mild …

Background Although immune modulation is a promising therapeutic avenue in coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19), the most relevant targets remain to be found. COVID-19 has …

Aims The immune response is essential for the control and resolution of viral infections.
Following the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), several immunotherapies …