Racism. Sexism. Heterosexism. Gender binarism. Together, they comprise intimately
harmful, distinct, and entangled societal systems of self-serving domination and privilege …

The scientific study of how discrimination harms health requires theoretically grounded
methods. At issue is how discrimination, as one form of societal injustice, becomes …

In public health research and reporting, there is an increasing interest in eco-social theory
and intersectional approaches to understand health inequity. Both approaches focus on the …

Objective: To summarize the ways in which researchers have quantified measures of
structural racism for the purposes of empirical, quantitative investigation of its associations …

Analyzing the myriad ways in which structural racism systemically generates health
inequities requires engaging with the profound challenges of conceptualizing …

Investigating effects of discrimination upon health requires clear concepts, methods, and
measures. At issue are both economic consequences of discrimination and accumulated …

There is indisputable evidence of deep and persistent racial/ethnic inequalities in health
status and health care in the USA. Growing awareness of these disparities has fueled a …

Nowhere is the severity and impact of racism on our nation and its people clearer and more
profound than in the arena of health—where racism is literally a matter of life and death …

Background Epistemological biases in environmental epidemiology prevent the full
understanding of how racism's societal impacts directly influence health outcomes. With the …

Intersectionality is a theoretical framework that posits that multiple social categories (eg,
race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status) intersect at the micro level …