Active transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm requires signals for
import and export and their recognition by shuttling receptors. Each class of macromolecule …

Nuclear localization signals (NLS) are generally short peptides that act as a signal fragment
that mediates the transport of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. This NLS …

In response to cytokine stimuli, Stats are phosphorylated and translocated to the nucleus to
activate target genes. Then, most are dephosphorylated and returned to the cytoplasm …

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) plays an important role in expression of many
cytokine genes including interleukin-2 and interleukin-4. However, its role in interferon-γ …

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), consisting of p50 and p65, is bound to a cytoplasmic retention
protein, IκB, in a resting state, and the stimulation of cells with a variety of inflammatory …

Transporter associated with Ag processing 1 and low molecular mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2)
are essential for class I MHC function and share a common bidirectional promoter. In murine …

The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) regulates cytokine gene expression in T cells
through cis-acting elements located in the promoters of several cytokine genes. NFATx1 …

ABSTRACT Interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase (IRAK)‐1 plays an essential role in
Toll‐like receptor/interleukin‐1 receptor (TLR/IL‐1R)‐associated NF‐κB activation through …

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 contains a sequence, termed M9, that
functions as a potent nuclear localization signal (NLS) yet bears no similarity to the …

The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors regulates the
transcription of cytokine genes and other genes involved in the regulation and function of the …