Extinction-based exposure therapy is used to treat anxiety-and trauma-related disorders;
however, there is the need to improve its limited efficacy in individuals with impaired fear …

Prevention of relapses is a major challenge in treating anxiety disorders. Fear reinstatement
can cause relapse in spite of successful fear reduction through extinction-based exposure …

Anxiety disorders are characterized by persistent, excessive fear. Therapeutic interventions
that reverse deficits in fear extinction represent a tractable approach to treating these …

Therapeutic interventions for disorders of fear and anxiety rely on behavioral approaches
that reduce pathological fear memories. For example, learning that threat-predictive stimuli …

Although the fear response is an adaptive response to threatening situations, a number of
psychiatric disorders feature prominent fear-related symptoms caused, in part, by failures of …

Fear extinction does not prevent post-traumatic stress or have long-term therapeutic benefits
in fear-related disorders unless extinction memories are easily retrieved at later encounters …

The ability to extinguish fear memories when threats are no longer present is critical for
adaptive behavior. Fear extinction represents a new learning process that eventually leads …

Reduction of conditioned fear expression by extinction underlies cue exposure therapies
that treat anxiety disorders. Extinction is context-specific. Renewal, for example, is the …

Fear extinction diminishes conditioned fear responses and impaired fear extinction has
been reported to be related to anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder …

Background The neuroplasticity hypothesis of major depressive disorder proposes that a
dysfunction of synaptic plasticity represents a basic pathomechanism of the disorder. Animal …