The surge in blockchain-based cryptocurrencies has created a pressing need for Cross-
Chain Transaction (CCTx) solutions. Existing solutions either lack sufficient security, like …

As Lightning network payments are neither broadcasted nor publicly stored. Thus LN has
been seen not only as scalability but also as privacy solution for Bitcoin. The protocol …

By design, the Bitcoin protocol has a low throughput. The Lightning Network (LN) is a layer-
two solution built to increase throughput by cryptographically securing commitments to …

Sharding is a solution to the blockchain scalability problem. A sharded blockchain divides
consensus nodes (validators) into groups called shards and processes transactions …

Significant changes in the financial system are prompted by the growth of the national
economy, particularly as a form of payment. The means evolved from barter to things or …

Blockchains are decentralized and immutable databases that are shared among the nodes
of the network. Although blockchains have attracted a great scale of attention in the recent …

The Bitcoin network has scalability problems. To increase its transaction rate and speed,
micropayment channel networks have been proposed; however, these require to lock funds …

Mass penetration and market dominance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) are expected in the
upcoming years. Due to their frequent charging needs, not only public and private charging …

Cross-chain communication is one of the major design considerations in current blockchain
systems [4-7] such as Ethereum [8]. Currently, Blockchain operates like information isolated …

Bitcoin has emerged as a revolutionary payment system with its decentralized ledger
concept; however it has significant problems such as high transaction fees and low …