Editorial vascularization is the key challenge in tissue engineering (not only in bone
engineering)[10]. Vascularization can either be achieved by an extrinsic or an intrinsic …

Bone tissue is a highly vascularized tissue and concomitant development of the vascular
system and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenesis and …

Vascularization of engineered bone tissue is critical for ensuring its survival after
implantation. In vitro pre-vascularization of bone grafts with endothelial cells is a promising …

The bone defect caused by fracture, bone tumor, infection, and other causes is not only a
problematic point in clinical treatment but also one of the hot issues in current research. The …

Survival of functional tissue constructs of clinically relevant size depends on the formation of
an organized and uniformly distributed network of blood vessels and capillaries. The lack of …

Bone is one of the most vascular network-rich tissues in the body and the vascular system is
essential for the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of bone. When segmental …

For regeneration of highly vascularized and innervated tissues, like bone, simultaneous
ingrowth of blood vessels and nerves is essential but largely neglected. To address this …

Introduction: Vascularization remains an obstacle to engineering of larger volume bone
tissues. Our aim was to induce axial vascularization in a processed bovine cancellous bone …

The repair of bone defects remains a major clinical challenge because none available
reconstruction methods and biomaterials have been proved completely satisfactory. As a …

Obtaining functional capillaries through the bulk has been identified as a major challenge in
tissue engineering, particularly for critical-sized defects. In the present study, a multilayered …