Active soft materials that change shape on demand are of interest for a myriad of
applications, including soft robotics, biomedical devices, and adaptive systems. Despite …

Programmable soft materials exhibiting dynamically reconfigurable, reversible, fast, and
latchable shape transformation are key for applications ranging from wearable tactile …

Biological muscles are composed of aligned actuatable fiber units to generate directional
linear output, inspiring the design of microstructures in artificial muscles. However, synthetic …

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are soft electromechanical devices that exhibit large
energy densities and fast actuation rates. They are typically produced by planar methods …

4D printing allows 3D printed structures to change their shapes overtime under external
stimuli, finding a wide range of potential applications in actuators, soft robotics, active …

The frontier in additive manufacturing has recently shifted beyond the ability to produce parts
with complex geometries, to the ability to fabricate multimaterial structures. Recent work has …

Helical structures are ubiquitous in nature and impart unique mechanical properties and
multifunctionality. So far, synthetic architectures that mimic these natural systems have been …

Recent advances in three dimensional (3D) printing technology that allow multiple materials
to be printed within each layer enable the creation of materials and components with …

Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fibers exhibit large deformation and reversibility, making them
an ideal candidate for soft actuators. It is still challenging to develop a scalable strategy and …

A polymer blend with high extensibility, exhibiting both shape memory and self-healing, was
4D printed using a low-cost fused filament fabrication (FFF, or fused deposition modeling …