Two of the most significant challenges in the design of blockchain protocols is increasing
their transaction processing throughput and minimising latency in terms of transaction …

Bitcoin has become centralized and slow due to the inherent limitations of its blockchain. A
number of alternative blockchain designs have been proposed to address these issues. Off …

Trusted third parties (TTPs) are frequently used for serving as an authority to issue and verify
transactions in applications. Although the TTP-based paradigm provides customers with …

Blockchain technology has been receiving much public attention recently, promising to
disintermediate transactions through decentralized governance and distributed data …

A smart contract on a blockchain cannot keep a secret because its data is replicated on all
nodes in a network. To remedy this problem, it has been suggested to combine blockchains …

Blockchain, an emerging paradigm of secure and shareable computing, is a systematic
integration of 1) chain structure for data verification and storage, 2) distributed consensus …

Blockchain systems, as append-only ledgers, are typically associated with linearly growing
participation costs. Therefore, for a blockchain client to interact with the system (query or …

Blockchain has been increasingly used as a component to enable decentralisation in
software architecture for a variety of applications. Blockchain governance has received …

Sharding is the prevalent approach to breaking the trilemma of simultaneously achieving
decentralization, security, and scalability in traditional blockchain systems, which are …

Blockchain has attracted a great deal of attention due to its secure way of distributing
transactions between different nodes without a trust entity, and tracking the validity of data …