Aim: The size of a bone defect limits the ingrowth of bone-forming cells. Endothelial cell–like
differentiated precursor cells (endothelial progenitor cells, EPC) enhance the …

Question/aim: Lack of vessels indicates an insufficient nutritional supply of a bone graft and
may limit the recruitment of bone-forming cells. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of …

Early vascularization of a composite in a critical bone defect is a prerequisite for ingrowth of
osteogenic reparative cells to regenerate bone, since lack of vessels does not ensure a …

In vitro prevascularization of bone grafts with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is a
promising strategy to improveimplant survival. In this study we show bone formation in …

Adequate vascularization remains one of the major challenges in bone tissue engineering.
Since the microvascular endothelium is of benefit to osteogenesis and vascularization when …

Introduction. Cancellous bone is frequently used for filling bone defects in a clinical setting. It
provides favourable conditions for regenerative cells such as MSC and early EPC. The …

Association of the bone‐forming osteoblasts (OBs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) into
a biomaterial composite provides a live bone graft substitute that can repair the bone defect …

The interaction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with endothelium in vivo is significant for
regenerative processes in organisms. To design concepts for tissue engineering for bone …

In the context of bone development and regeneration, the intimate association of the
vascular endothelium with osteogenic cells suggests that endothelial cells (ECs) may …

Tissue engineering strategies often fail to regenerate bones because of inadequate
vascularization, especially in the reconstruction of large segmental bone defects. Large …