[HTML][HTML] The COVID-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far

D Ragab, H Salah Eldin, M Taeimah… - Frontiers in …, 2020 - frontiersin.org
COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading global threat that has been declared as a pandemic by the
WHO. COVID-19 is transmitted via droplets or direct contact and infects the respiratory tract …

Role of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in multi-organ failure: Molecular pathways and potential therapeutic options

Y Nazerian, M Ghasemi, Y Yassaghi, A Nazerian… - International …, 2022 - Elsevier
Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global public health
emergency and has led to devastating results. Mounting evidence proposes that the disease …

Immunological and inflammatory profiles in mild and severe cases of COVID-19

JW Song, C Zhang, X Fan, FP Meng, Z Xu, P Xia… - Nature …, 2020 - nature.com
Abstract COVID-19 is associated with 5.1% mortality. Although the virological,
epidemiological, clinical, and management outcome features of COVID-19 patients have …

Emerging aspects of cytokine storm in COVID-19: The role of proinflammatory cytokines and therapeutic prospects

R Dharra, AK Sharma, S Datta - Cytokine, 2023 - Elsevier
COVID-19 has claimed millions of lives during the last 3 years since initial cases were
reported in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Patients with COVID-19 suffer from severe pneumonia …

Role of inflammatory markers in corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients: a review

J Upadhyay, N Tiwari… - Experimental Biology and …, 2020 - journals.sagepub.com
The whole world is locked down due to the outbreak of novel Coronavirus Disease 2019
(nCOVID-19). A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV …

Characterization of the inflammatory response to severe COVID-19 illness

OJ McElvaney, NL McEvoy, OF McElvaney… - American journal of …, 2020 - atsjournals.org
Rationale: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global threat to health. Its inflammatory
characteristics are incompletely understood. Objectives: To define the cytokine profile of …

COVID‐19: immunopathology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options

LE van Eijk, M Binkhorst, AR Bourgonje… - The Journal of …, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues to spread globally despite the worldwide …

Clinical characteristics and immune injury mechanisms in 71 patients with COVID-19

Y Wu, X Huang, J Sun, T Xie, Y Lei, J Muhammad, X Li… - Msphere, 2020 - Am Soc Microbiol
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a threat to …

[PDF][PDF] Complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure

EJ Giamarellos-Bourboulis, MG Netea, N Rovina… - Cell host & …, 2020 - cell.com
Proper management of COVID-19 mandates better understanding of disease pathogenesis.
The sudden clinical deterioration 7–8 days after initial symptom onset suggests that severe …

Humoral immune mechanisms involved in protective and pathological immunity during COVID-19

G Widjaja, AT Jalil, HS Rahman, WK Abdelbasset… - Human Immunology, 2021 - Elsevier
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 is
associated with excessive inflammation, as a main reason for severe condition and death …