With the world's uncertain energy outlook, buildings should be designed and constructed to
use lesser fossil fuel-based energy and have lower environmental impacts. In the past …

Approximately half of the annual global energy supply is consumed in constructing,
operating, and maintaining buildings. Because most of this energy comes from fossil fuels, it …

Buildings consume a vast amount of energy during the life cycle stages of construction, use
and demolition. Total life cycle energy use in a building consists of two components …

This literature review addresses the Life Cycle Energy Analysis (LCEA) of residential
buildings. As the fluctuation in the choice of functional units, boundaries of the system, life …

Buildings contribute significantly to the environmental challenges we currently face, and
fossil-fuel-based energy continues to be a major area of concern. The present work provides …

The building construction industry consumes a large amount of resources and energy and,
owing to current global population growth trends, this situation is projected to deteriorate in …

Annually, 48% of the global energy is used by buildings in their construction, operation, and
maintenance, causing significant damage to the environment due to the resulting …

Although operational energy is currently the focal point of sustainability in building
regulations, embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions will become more significant …

Despite the increasing significance of embodied impacts of buildings, efforts to reduce their
environmental footprints have been concentrated on the operational impacts of buildings …

Embodied energy accounts for a large proportion of lifecycle energy utilisation in the
building sector, and the estimation of this embodied energy is often difficult. Therefore …