Because the debate over the sources of affective polarization has so far mostly focused on
the US case, scholars have rarely considered whether the politicization of ethnic differences …

This study explores whether, in societies around the world, affective polarization–or
animosity between citizens based on their political allegiance–is stronger if political …

A growing literature studies the relationship between ideological and affective polarization.
By taking a Downsian approach to affective polarization we contribute to this literature and …

This research note investigates the scope of regional variations in levels of affective
polarization across Europe and contrasts it with national scores to highlight the theoretical …

Previous literature has distinguished two types of polarization: ideological and affective.
However, little is known on how the interconnection of these two polarizations (which we call …

The causes for the rise in affective polarization are debated, primarily revolving around
ideological polarization and partisan sorting hypotheses. The former indicates divergent …

Despite attention in comparativist and Americanist literatures to populism and affective
polarization, relatively little theoretical and empirical work has been done linking these two …

Existent research shows that affective polarization has been intensifying in some publics,
diminishing in others, and remaining stable in most. We contribute to this debate by …

In this article we analyze the effects of election salience on affective polarization. Campaigns
and elections epitomize the moment of maximum political conflict, information spread …

While many studies analyze affective polarization in the US public, ie, partisan voters'
tendencies to dislike the out-party, we lack comparative knowledge about the factors that …