In a large common place, a huge number of pedestrians may flood into the surrounding
region and mix with the vehicles which originally existed on the roads when emergent …

A simulation model based on temporal–spatial conflict and congestion for pedestrian–
vehicle mixed evacuation has been investigated. Assuming certain spatial behaviors of …

In this paper a pedestrian-vehicle mixed evacuation model is presented for the large
common place which involves both pedestrians and vehicles. The total evacuation time and …

People under emergencies will choose different traffic modes (walking, driving, etc.) for
evacuation. In this circumstance, the conflicts of the mixed flows (pedestrians and vehicles) …

Evacuation for large-scale activities usually involves a great number of pedestrians and
vehicles. By applying ant colony optimization algorithm, an evacuation route optimization …

Modeling individual and crowd behaviors is the basis for evacuation research, which is
essential to reduce casualties under emergency conditions in large venues. This paper …

Aiming at the poor local optimization ability and easy premature convergence of the particle
swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in evacuation simulation, a crowd evacuation model …

By applying the evolutionary algorithm of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), we have
developed a new pedestrian evacuation model. In the new model, we first introduce the …

In urban emergency evacuation, a potentially large number of evacuees may depend either
on transit or other modes, or need to walk a long distance, to access their passenger cars. In …

With the increase of emergencies in large public places, emergency evacuation research
has become an important and urgent issue. This paper first proposes a tree hierarchical …