Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) erupted in Hubei Province of China in December …

To date, no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19
and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments. Therefore, based on the fast …

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed the practice of medicine at a threshold overlooking a
new and different era, 1 and has led to the evolving concept of COVID-19 cytokine storm …

The last few months of 2019 witnessed the emergence, rise and rapid spread of a novel
coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Epidemiological and clinical reports indicate that SARS-CoV-2 virulence hinges upon the
triggering of an aberrant host immune response, more so than on direct virus-induced …

For some patients with SARS-CoV-2, the worst clinical damage is not caused by the virus
itself, but by an overactive inflammatory state. In fact, in some people the immune system …

On 7 January 2020, researchers isolated and sequenced in China from patients with severe
pneumonitis a novel coronavirus, then called SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spread worldwide …

The lung is a key target of the cytokine storm that can be triggered by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the widespread clinical …

We demonstrate that the general clinical conditions, risk factors and numerous pathological
and biological features of COVID-19 are analogous with various disorders caused by the …

Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global crisis.
In the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces an excessive …