… in the adaptation of RNA viruses to their cellular hosts, size of viral inoculum used to initiate
a … the level of competition and, hence, the ability for natural selection to improve viral fitness. …

… through selection. The high mutation rate of RNA viruses, coupled with their very high levels
of replication and the large population sizes that they can achieve means that RNA viruses …

… the evolutionary dynamics of RNA viruses has been poorly … as well as at the level of the
RNA secondary structure. So far, … selection, or selective sweeps in the evolution of RNA viruses…

… level correspond to the changes at the phenotypic level, which are naturally selected in the
… mutations occur in the viral genome and how their selection is influenced by environmental …

… Moreover, for reassortants to selectively emerge at appreciable levels in the viral population,
they … the possible selection pressures that promote or temper the emergence of reassortant …

… by a mutation-selection … A second confirmation of purifying selection in RNA viruses comes
from molecular information. When Saitou and Neilsexamined sequence data on four proteins …

… suffer similar selection pressure as the viral RNAs. … level of CpG usage diversity in RNA
viruses. Our data revealed that base composition, synonymous codon usage and host selection …

… RNA virus to escape immune targeting, followed by a new immune response that can be, in
turn, followed by a new round of selection … that virus replication is minimized to levels that are …

… RNA virus populations due to Muller's Ratchet (1, 2) and to show gains of fitness by natural
selection during virus … G and H back with virus populations of starting fitness levels. To do this …

… defined at the level of the viral genome. In many RNA viruses, the RNA genome contains
secondary … Because high mutation rates will select for evolved robustness, RNA viruses could …