… patterns of different RNA viruses. Qualitatively, it has been observed that selection driven by
… to quantify the imbalance level of the inferred phylogenetic trees of the six RNA viruses. We …

… high mutation rates operating during RNA virus replication and … Note the effect of selection
on codon 67, related to AZT … animals with adequate selenium levels. This example illustrates …

… be under strong stabilizing selection, suggesting that it is detrimental for the virus both to
reduce … is maintained to high levels in the viral RNA population by complementation. J. Virol. …

… selection regime, it is puzzling how viruses preserve functionality. Accordingly, it has been
proposed that RNA viruses … levels of robustness of a population in realistic scenarios of …

… To identify potential selection pressures which lead to RNA sequence … of different RNA
virus families and genera indeed contain stop codons in the − 1 and + 1 reading frames at levels …

… that, because most mutations are harmful, natural selection will cause the mutation rate to
… mutationally robust, that is, can tolerate high levels of mutation. As with lethal mutagenesis, …

… It is also possible to select strains capable of killing a broader spectrum of cancer cell … virus
adaptation studies performed with members of four RNA virus families that are used for viral …

… level tested for each MAR mutant-wild-type virus mixture. Total … established that RNA
viruses (and many DNA viruses) are … viruses to "foreign" host cells to select attenuated live-virus …

… to RNA virus data … virus-like mutational and demographic scenarios. Secondly, we apply
these methods to a compilation of ∼100 RNA virus alignments that represent natural RNA virus …

… 2008a), suggesting that one outcome of natural selection to optimize viral fitness in a novel
… Fitness tradeoffs, pleiotropic fitness effects, strong bottlenecks at different levels, an excess of …