… impact velocity, density and size of the rock boulder as well as the constitutive relation of rock,
to estimate the maximum impact force. … the fragmentation of the rock boulder into account. …

… between two granite spheres at speeds up to 1.5 m/s which distinct from the scope of this
paper (which is focused on the impact between rock and concrete). Although there are many …

… 5 which contains the desired estimation of the penetration depth and the impact force as
a function of the height of fall, the boulder mass, and the indentation resistance of the gravel. …

… are in general far larger than the self weight of the boulder, and therefore they correspond
to the impact force exerted by the boulder on the surface of the layer. As far as the wave …

… Based on the one-dimensional elastic stress wave theory, the dynamic stress-strain relationship
of rock specimens under single impact and cyclic impact load is obtained by using split …

… the measured and computed boulder impact forces at an impact energy of 70 kJ. The boulder
impact force is the product of the acceleration and mass of the boulder. Large fluctuations …

… In every successive impact, the boulder impact force … history of the measured boulder impact
force are quite symmetric … results show that the boulder impact force increases rapidly but …

… This paper considers the mechanics of rock boulders impacting on granular strata. The …
The output data include the trend of impact force against time, the boulder trajectory and the …

… Rocks are easily weathered when exposed to wet conditions… include fence, rock keeper,
concrete barrier, and rock shed [11]. … impact and all the residual kinetic energy of the falling rock …

… impact at 40 kJ, a maximum boulder impact force of 139 kN is measured. The predicted boulder
impact force … Again, the overall trend indicates that the rock fragments in the basket have …