… complementary solutions for the formal verification of safety-critical PLC programs based on
… apply formal verification (model checking and equivalence checking) to safety-critical PLC …

… proposes an integrated methodology, for automatic generation, formal verification and
implementation of safe Programmable Logic Control (PLC) programs. The main objective is to …

… We have developed a formal verification method for PLC programs. Sequential part is
described in SFC, actions can be described in the SFC, LD and ST languages and transition…

… Then we propose an exhaustive method which will be used to verify the safety part of PLC
… verifies the safety of PLC programs. With model-checker Uppaal, we verify formally for each …

… A large body of research uses formal verification for PLC safety and security, as Table 3
shows. This study mainly focused on the following aspects: • Behavior Modeling: Modeling the …

… Off-line safety concerns every … , formal verification and/or statistic fault prediction. The
interest of the current study goes to formal verification of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) …

… Formal verification has become a recommended practice in the safety-critical application …
This paper presents a solution to make the formal verification of real PLC programs possible by …

… PLC programs has been developed. Verification of timing aspects for real-life PLC programs
are presented in this paper using NuSMV. … By contrast, safety PLCs have a fixed cycle time. …

… safety constraints and the LTL formulas to verify the program’s behavior are defined, we are
in position to carry on formal verification … Ten proof obligations were generated to verify the …

… A formal verification of PLC program could be a best way to check all possible fault situation…
formal verification, we found three problems, the first is that a formal representation of PLC …