… In this review, we aim to improve our understanding on the immune response and
immunopathological changes in patients linked to deteriorating clinical conditions such as cytokine …

… immune response against S, M, and N protein. The effect of … immune response on
humoral immunity was also compared, where a strong CD4 + T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 …

… The adaptive immune response is a major determinant of the clinical outcome after SARS-CoV-2
infection and underpins vaccine efficacy. T cell responses develop early and correlate …

… -2-host interactions, mainly in relation to viral biology and host immune response. … immune
response, as, considering that SARS-CoV-2 is new to humans, an effective adaptive response …

… immune response during COVID-19 infection. One of the recent developments regarding
the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the mechanism of immune … into the SARS-CoV-2 …

… In 2002, the first known case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in
China and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was identified in 2003. Citation1 Before SARS …

… that a SARS-CoV-2 mutant will escape vaccine immunity and … increase transmission or inhibit
the immune response, study of a … itself is the best way to determine its immune response 8 . …

… myocarditis caused by SARS-CoV-2 may be associated with TLR4 activation and subsequent
hyperactivation of the innate immune response [120]. The native S-protein SARS-CoV-2 …

… Of the 1797 persons who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1107 of the 1215 …
SARS-CoV-2 and that the infection was fatal in 0.3%. We also estimate that 56% of all SARS-CoV-…

… at the immune responses developed by patients infected with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV or
SARS-CoV-2, the immune … immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has a long continued memory. …