… In frequency-domain, block-based Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is a popular method …
scaling factors. This paper presents an adaptive scaling factor for selected DCT coefficients in …

… The parameters for the luminance coefficient of the first frame … graph (b), where the DCT
coefficients are laid out on the zy … a scale of the importance of the various coefficients produces …

… There have been many proposals in the literature for fast DCT … DCT (IDCT) reconstructs a
block of image samples (pixels) from an array of DCT coefficients (usually quantized and scaled…

… of an image is related to the scaling of its DCT coefficients. Theorem 1: Let … scale factor
for the normalized DC coefficient and be the scale factor for the normalized AC coefficients …

… Contrary to the first discarding step (performed in step (1)), this second discard of high-order
AC frequency DCT coefficients only occurs for scaling factors other than integer powers of 2 …

… is a quantizer after the DCT, the scaling factors can be also incorporated into the constants
in the quantizer [6]. In this context, the proposed method allows either the rotation error or the …

… This paper proposes a generic flexible scaling factor from the impact of 4 × 4 DCT coefficients.
The small image block of 4 × 4 pixels reconstructed the watermarked image that was …

… scaling factor based on selected DWT-DCT coefficients of its image content. The adaptive
scaling factor … role of selected DWT-DCT coefficients against the average value of DWT-DCT …

… scaling factors, one for DC coefficient and the other for AC coefficients followed by computing
the enhanced DCT … statistics of the DCT coefficients for selection of our scaling factors. …

… Thus dividing the low-frequency DCT coefficients by a constant (named rescaling down
factor (RDF) in our implementation) does this objective that eliminates the effect of illumination …