The task of semantic segmentation involves labeling each pixel in an image with its
corresponding object class, which is achieved by clustering regions belonging to the same
category using artificial intelligence. This is an important step from image processing to
image analysis and has numerous applications in areas such as automatic driving, image
enhancement, and 3D map reconstruction. With the emergence of deep learning, several
sophisticated and efficient algorithms have been developed for this task. This chapter aims …

Recently, autonomous vehicles (namely self-driving cars) are becoming increasingly
common in developed urban areas. It is of utmost importance for real-time systems such as
robots and automatic vehicles (AVs) to understand visual data, make inferences and predict
events in the near future. The ability to perceive RGB values (and other visual data such as
thermal, LiDAR), and segment each pixel into objects is called semantic segmentation. It is
the first step toward any sort of automated machinery. Some existing models use deep …