… This study critically reviews the smart city research and to find possible strategies for … of the
smart city initiatives in selected target countries and cities were done. The research strategy in …

… of smart cities and a literature review. Second we will propose the theoretical framework
that can be useful to derive various participation strategies in relation to digital participation …

… regarding smart city strategy and participation. The literature study consists of concepts
such as smart city, participation and digital strategy. The qualitative study shows that the city of …

… participatory prototyping approach for smart cities aims to: … In order to explore the possibilities
of participatory prototyping … in innovation processes for smart cities, we have applied our …

… This analysis allows us to understand how participation is … strategies. Five context-factors
have been identified in this study: the smart city consideration, the drivers for participation, the …

… This is in spite of the promises of digital ICTs and smart city strategies for greater citizen
participation. In this regard, traditional forms of power politics and expert decision making …

… Three categories of analysis will be used to reveal these consequences: upscaling of the
pilots, participation of the inhabitants in the making of the smart city, and final configuration of …

… This may include promotional events to market the smart city project, participation in … In
addition, we observe that testing of smart city solutions is an integral part of smart city strategies. …

… of other actors’ goals and strategies. According to the same … therefore developing different
strategies aiming to influence … Strategies dealing with the interactions or the structure of the …

In this paper we explore the role of Digital Grassroots Innovation (DGI) in the construction of
a more participatory smart city. 18 DGIs from four Spanish cities (Santander, Valencia, Bilbao…