… a downlink (DL) user in the T region simultaneously assisted by a STAR-RIS. We aim to
maximise the EE performance, while satisfying the UL and DL minimum rate constraints. To the …

… strategies for STAR-RIS as energy splitting (ES), mode switching (MS), and time switching
(TS). We show that STAR-RIS can outperform a regular RIS when the regular RIS cannot …

… energy efficiency maximisation problem that jointly optimises the gain, element selection and
phase shift matrices of the active STAR-RIS… the active STAR-RIS. Our simulations show the …

… energy efficiency by selective deactivation of the STAR-RIS elements. We discuss this energy
efficiency … balance the trade-off between data rate maximization and energy efficiency for …

… STARRIS to prevent eavesdropping. A joint active and passive beamforming approach was
created to maximize secrecy energy efficiency (… of STAR-RIS based schemes for maximizing …

… , ie, one on each side of the STAR-RIS. A power consumption … reflection beamforming at the
STAR-RIS is formulated for each … employing the proposed STAR-RIS instead of conventional …

… ], where a maximisation of the achievable sum rate of a RIS-assisted multi-user multi-input …
, to be optimized, which are coupled with each other due to the energy conservation law. …

… with the aid of a STAR-RIS. We formulate a sum-rate maximization problem by jointly optimizing
… Note that due to the law of energy conservation, the sum energy of the transmitted and …

… STAR-RIS require more complex transmission/reflection coefficient design. Therefore, in this
work, a sum-rate maximization … ) framework for maximizing the energy efficiency, with the …

… the amplitudes is based on the relationship expressed by the law of energy conservation as
… a low-complexity iterative optimization method maximising the minimum SINR, where the …