… T&R phase-shift model for STAR-RIS. Then, … STAR-RISs with correlated T&R phase shifts.
To this end, we propose a DP-PSC strategy. For given amplitude coefficients, the phase shifts …

… phase-shift coefficients of the STAR-RIS is obtained in closed form. Then, we extend the PSB
algorithm to the case of STAR-RIS with discrete phase-shift. … coupled phase-shift STAR-RIS …

… STAR-RIS, referred to as T user, and the other is located at the reflection space of the STAR-RIS…
the channels from the AP to user k and the STAR-RIS to user k, respectively. Here, k ∈ {t…

… Again, the TCs and RCs of the STAR-RIS can be represented by the phaseshifts ΘT , ΘR,
and amplitude coefficients β. Therefore, the optimization problem can be formulated as …

… rank-one constraints in the phase shift and beamforming … STAR-RIS assisted downlink
NOMA network to find the maximum energy efficiency by optimizing phase shifts of the STAR-RIS …

… phase shift design in RIS-assisted SATIN, this study finds an optimal phase shift matrix
including not only phase shift values but also energy splitting ratio in STAR-RIS elements. …

… 2The continuous phase shifts are assumed for ease of … phase shifts is readily extendable
to a more general case with the discrete phase shifts by assigning each continuous phase shift …

… Unlike conventional reflecting-only RISs, a STAR-RIS provides full-space coverage for …
sides of the STAR-RIS. The STAR-RIS elements dynamically impose two phase shifts: one for the …

… It consists of a number of low-cost nearly passive elements that can modify the phase
shifts and even the amplitude of the impinging signals to realize an SRE through a backhaul …

… Zhang, “Channel estimation and passive beamforming for intelligent reflecting surface:
Discrete phase shift and progressive refinement,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. …