… (RPL) approach with heterogeneity in means and variances for modeling pedestrian injury
… studies on pedestrian injury severity, the temporal instability of crash injury severity, and …

… means and variances approach is introduced – for this first time, to the authors’ knowledge.
The temporal … the factors are not found to be temporally stable across the study years. Hence, …

… Four factors have temporal stability over two consecutive years: … in means and with/without
variance performed better than the standard one. It is recommended that temporal instability …

… random parameter model with heterogeneity in means and variances for analysis. However,
… temporal variations, this study additionally considered the concept of temporal instability. By …

… This study investigates the temporal instability of contributing factors of driver-injury …
models with possible heterogeneity in means and variances were estimated for individual year …

Not wearing a helmet, not properly strapping the helmet on, or wearing a substandard helmet
increases the risk of fatalities and injuries in motorcycle crashes. This research examines …

… temporal instability is likely to exist for a number of fundamental behavioral reasons, and this
temporal instability … The paper goes on to discuss the implications of this temporal instability …

… The rest of this section provides a discussion of the model estimation results by variable
classification and how temporal instability of the explanatory variables can affect the model …

… In this study, a random parameters multinomial logit approach, with heterogeneity in means
and variances, is applied to study the temporal stability of factors affecting motorcyclist injury …

… Therefore, a series of random parameter logit models with heterogeneity in means and
variances are utilized in this study to explore the heterogeneity and temporal stability of how …